Update Debootstrap Guide

conf/extlinux.conf

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ prompt 1
 timeout 1
 
 label linux
-  menu label Debian Testing
+  menu label Debian
   linux /vmlinuz
-  append initrd=/initrd.img init=/bin/systemd ro quiet vga=0x314 root=UUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+  append initrd=/initrd.img ro quiet vga=0x314 root=LABEL=System

conf/nginx/README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ These are carefully crafted Nginx config files.
 
 Do not forget the following:
 
-	sudo chown -R wwwrun.www /var/lib/nginx
+	sudo chown -R wwwrun.www /var/lib/nginx # if on openSUSE
 	cd /etc/nginx/sites-conf
 	sudo ln -s example.ssl default.ssl
 

conf/nginx/nginx.conf

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-user wwwrun www;
+user www-data;
+# Or, if on openSUSE:
+# user wwwrun www;
+
 worker_processes auto;
 pid /run/nginx.pid;
 

doc/Chroot.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 A `chroot` environment can be used to modify a system installed to a different location.
 
-Combined with `aufs`, the technique can be used, for example, to modify an ISO live image.
+Combined with `aufs`, the technique can be used, for example, to modify a mounted ISO image.
 
 ## Setup
 
-	MNT=/tmp/mnt/rootfs
+	MNT=/mnt
 	mount -o bind /dev $MNT/dev
 	mount -o bind /dev/pts $MNT/dev/pts
 	mount -t proc none $MNT/proc
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ Combined with `aufs`, the technique can be used, for example, to modify an ISO l
 	cp /etc/resolv.conf $MNT/etc/resolv.conf
 	chroot $MNT
 
+`$MNT/etc/mtab` should be edited manually to correctly point to the root file system.
+
 Umount the chroot environment:
 
 	umount $MNT/{sys,proc,dev/pts,dev}
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ Umount the chroot environment:
 
 ## AUFS Overlay
 
-Mount a writeable version of `/tmp/mnt/rootfs` to `/tmp/mnt/rootrw`
+Mount a writeable version of `/tmp/mnt/root` to `/tmp/mnt/rootrw`
 
-	mount -t aufs -o br:/tmp/mnt/aufs:/tmp/mnt/rootfs none /tmp/mnt/rootrw
+	mkdir -p /tmp/mnt/{root,rootrw,aufs}
+	mount -t aufs -o br:/tmp/mnt/aufs:/tmp/mnt/root none /tmp/mnt/rootrw

doc/Copy-VM-to-ESX.md

@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@ Prepare Image
 =============
 
 * Use the **VMDK format**
-
+* Use SCSI adapter type in VM, or:
 * Add **mptspi** (SCSI driver) to the initrd
 	* openSUSE: Edit `/etc/dracut.conf`  
-		Change the line `#add_drivers+=""` to `add_drivers+="mptspi"`  
+		1. Change the line `#add_drivers+=""` to `add_drivers+="mptspi"`
-		Then execute `dracut -f`
+		2. Execute `dracut -f`
 	* openSUSE < 13.2:
 		1. Edit `/etc/sysconfig/kernel`
 		2. Add it to `INITRD_MODULES`
 		3. Update initrd: `mkinitrd`
+	* Debian
+		1. Edit `/etc/initramfs-tools/modules`
+		2. Execute `update-initramfs -u`
 
 Copy VM to ESX
 ==============
 
 1. Create a new VM using the vSphere Client
-	* Create a disk image, but it will not be used afterwards.
 
 2. Upload the VMDK disk image files
 

doc/Debootstrap.md

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ a basic copy of a Debian derivative into a folder.
 This guide explains how to install a full Kubuntu system with debootstrap.
 However, any Ubuntu flavour can be installed this way.
 
+This guide uses Bashisms.
+
 # Procedure
 
 ## Basic Minimal Installation
@@ -17,8 +19,13 @@ The subsequent commands are all executed inside a
 
 ## Basic Configuration
 
+### Mark packages
+
+	apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto
+
 ### Set language
 
+	apt-get install locales
 	locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
 	update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 
@@ -28,23 +35,37 @@ The subsequent commands are all executed inside a
 
 ### Basic configuration
 
-Do not forget to edit `fstab`, `hostname`, and `hosts` in /etc.
+	echo > /etc/fstab
+	echo "LABEL=System  /  ext4  errors=remount-ro,noatime  0 1" >> /etc/fstab
 
-An example fstab might look like:
+	echo > /etc/hosts
+	echo "127.0.0.1       localhost" >> /etc/hosts
+	echo "127.0.0.1       your-host" >> /etc/hosts
+	echo "::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback" >> /etc/hosts
+	echo "your-host" > /etc/hostname
 
-	LABEL=System	/	ext4	errors=remount-ro,noatime,discard	0 1
+	echo > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
+	echo auto eth0 >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
+	echo iface eth0 inet dhcp >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
 
-Note: `discard` is useful for SSD disks.
+Note: The option `discard` can be added in `/etc/fstab` for SSD disks.
 
-### Optionally, configure keyboard
+### Configure keyboard (optional)
 
 	dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
 
-### Optionally, configure APT
+### Configure APT (optional)
 
-	# /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99recommends
+	echo 'APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant "true";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99no-recommends
-	APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant
+	echo 'APT::Install-Recommends "false";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99no-recommends
-	APT::Install-Recommends
+	echo 'APT::Get::Purge "true";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99always-purge
+
+### ACPI support (optional)
+
+	apt-get install acpi-support-base
+	systemctl enable acpid
+
+Note: This enables ACPI shutdown as commonly used in VMs.
 
 ## Ubuntu Installation
 
@@ -52,9 +73,8 @@ Note: `discard` is useful for SSD disks.
 
 	apt-get install ubuntu-minimal
 
-ubuntu-minimal contains useful packages
+`ubuntu-minimal` contains useful packages
 which would have to be installed manually in Debian.
-
 These include: `cron logrotate nano netbase net-tools isc-dhcp-client sudo rsyslog`
 
 ### Add a regular user
@@ -70,14 +90,24 @@ In Ubuntu, the default secondary user groups are:
 To install a bootable system, the kernel and a bootloader
 have to be installed.
 
+	apt-get install linux-generic
+
 The following command installs Grub for EFI with Secure Boot enabled:
 
-	apt-get install linux-generic grub-efi-amd64-signed shim-signed
+	apt-get install grub-efi-amd64-signed shim-signed
 
-For BIOS, `grub-pc` has to be installed.
+For BIOS:
 
-Alternatively, extlinux can be installed instead of grub.
+	apt-get install grub-pc
-That section has yet to be written though...
+
+Alternatively, extlinux can be installed:
+
+	apt-get install extlinux
+	mkdir /boot/extlinux
+	extlinux -i /boot/extlinux
+	cat /usr/lib/EXTLINUX/mbr.bin > /dev/sda
+
+Copy [extlinux.conf](../conf/extlinux.conf) to `/boot/extlinux`.
 
 ### Install desktop system
 
@@ -89,18 +119,18 @@ It is a good time to add some repositories.
 
 All Ubuntu repositories are enabled using the following configuration:
 
-	# /etc/apt/sources.list
+	echo > /etc/apt/sources.list
-	deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted universe multiverse
+	echo "deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu wily main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
-	deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily-security main restricted universe multiverse
+	echo "deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu wily-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
-	deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily-updates main restricted universe multiverse
+	echo "deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu wily-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
-	deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu wily partner
+	echo "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu wily partner" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
 
 Also refer to the [Ubuntu Help](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu)
-to find about the different components.
+to read about the different components.
 
-Some PPAs are needed to be sure to get the latest software versions.
+Some PPAs are needed to ensure the latest software versions are installed.
-First the `add-apt-repository` helper is installed,
+First, the `add-apt-repository` helper is installed,
-and then those repositories are added:
+and then, those repositories are added:
 
 	apt-get install software-properties-common
 	apt-mark auto software-properties-common
@@ -108,13 +138,12 @@ and then those repositories are added:
 	add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa
 	add-apt-repository ppa:rvm/smplayer
 	add-apt-repository ppa:qtbittorrent-team/qtbittorrent-stable
-	echo deb http://debian-mirrors.sdinet.de/debian-multimedia testing main \
+	echo "deb http://debian-mirrors.sdinet.de/debian-multimedia testing main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list
-	> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list
 
 #### Install desktop packages
 
-Now do an `apt-get update` and install the desktop system:
+	apt-get update
-
+	apt-get install --allow-unauthenticated -y deb-multimedia-keyring
 	apt-get install --install-recommends ubuntu-standard kubuntu-desktop kubuntu-restricted-extras language-pack-kde-en
 
 Personally, I like to use Chrome and SMPlayer:
@@ -126,5 +155,3 @@ Personally, I like to use Chrome and SMPlayer:
 
 Sometimes, some packages have to be pulled
 from [packages.debian.org](http://packages.debian.org) manually.
-
-## Finished!

doc/Install-a-Server.md

@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ Security
   * Disable root account (put an asterisk `*` as password)
 
 * Create SSH user:
-  * /etc/passwd: `sshuser:x:999:65534::/run:/bin/bash`
+  * `echo "sshuser:x:999:65534::/run:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd`
-  * /etc/shadow: `sshuser:*:16436:0:99999::::`
+  * `echo "sshuser:*:16436:0:99999::::" >> /etc/shadow`
-  * Change its password: `$ sudo passwd sshuser`
+  * Change the password: `sudo passwd sshuser`
 
 * Edit SSH config `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`:
 		Port xxx
@@ -119,19 +119,18 @@ Debian `/etc/cron.*` times:
 AWstats
 =======
 
-	mkdir /usr/local/awstats; cd /usr/local/awstats
+	mkdir /usr/local/awstats && cd /usr/local/awstats && git init
-	git init
+	git remote add origin https://github.com/eldy/awstats.git
-	git remote add origin git://git.code.sf.net/p/awstats/code
+	git fetch --depth=1 origin tag AWSTATS_7_4
-	git fetch --depth=1 origin tag AWSTATS_7_3
+	git checkout AWSTATS_7_4
-	git checkout AWSTATS_7_3
-
-	mkdir /usr/local/share/cgi-bin
-	ln -s /usr/local/awstats/wwwroot /usr/local/share/cgi-bin/awstats
 
 Check version tags:
 
 	git ls-remote
 
+To use it with [AWstats](../conf/nginx/sites-available/example),
+set: `DirIcons="/awstatsicons"`
+
 Free Space
 ==========
 

doc/Push-to-Deploy.md

@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ The safe update script which is listed below.
 
 ## Universal Safe Update
 
-The script is located in [scripts/git-safe-update.sh](../scripts/git-safe-update.sh).
+Copy the file [git-safe-update.sh](../scripts/git-safe-update.sh) and make it executable.
-Copy the file to `/path/to/safe-update` and make it executable.
 
 It can be used to update any repository. It takes two arguments:
 
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ It executes `safe-update` only when the master branch is updated.
 
 read oldid newid ref
 if [ "$ref" = "refs/heads/master" ]; then
-	sudo /path/to/safe-update /path/to/deploy-target wwwrun.www
+	sudo /path/to/safe-update /path/to/deploy-target www-data.www-data
 fi
 ```
 
@@ -75,8 +74,11 @@ a `file:` URL as the remote.
 The *master* branch is assumed to be a deployable version.
 Hence, use the following command to add the remote:
 
+	cd /path/to/deploy-target
+	git init
 	git remote add -t master origin file:///path/to/main.git
-	git branch -u origin/master
+	git fetch --depth=1
+	git checkout master
 
 ## Sudo Configuration